Safeguarding the Wellbeing of Children and Young People

Safeguarding the Wellbeing of Children and Young People Explain how to support children and young people’s self-confidence and self-esteem A fundamental part of emotional development is the development of a young person’s self-confidence and self-esteem. Self-esteem can be defined as how you feel about yourself and your perceptions of yourself. Self-confidence is how you feel about your abilities and is dependent on each situation; it is shown through an individual’s behaviour and personality. There are four ways in which we can support our children in this area: interest, listen, expression and support. INTEREST : It is important to show a genuine interest in what a child is doing, learning about, discussing etc. In the class, ensure that you lower your body to their level and encourage them while they are working using lots of praise individually and in front of the class. This will also help to build a strong trusting relationship with pupils. LISTEN: By listening to a child this will also develop a strong bond and allow you to tune into a child’s behaviour and pick up on anything that may be upsetting them. I always make sure I make time to listen to whatever news and information the children tell me, giving them my undivided attention. This can gain trust as well especially if they need to express any worries. â€Å"The child needs to know that you are there to listen and, most importantly, that you will believe what he or she tells you† (Meggit 2013 p.142) EXPRESSION: A child must be able to feel that is perfectly normal to show a range of emotions they can feel sadness and also happiness and enjoyment. This creates a well-rounded individual that should feel confident enough to understand and express any concerns they may have. SUPPORT: Staff must always support and be there for the children in all situations whether they are related to school or home life. A friendly face and a smile at the start of the day can work wonders and will make you more approachable. Children need also to be supported through the school day, encourage pupils to try a more challenging activity like a complicated sum or climbing on a piece of gym equipment. This will motivate them and allow them attain higher levels. 6.2 Analyse the importance of supporting resilience in children and young people â€Å"Resilience is the capacity to bounce back from adversity. Protective factors increase  resilience, whereas risk factors increase vulnerability. Resilient individuals, families and  communities are more able to deal with difficulties and adversities than those with less  resilience. (www.gov.uk 2014) Teaching staff can help children to become confident individuals, to grow in independence and think for themselves. The more confident a child the more likely they are to be able to overcome adverse situations. In the class room children need support and encouragement but they also need a certain element of freedom to become more independent. For example for younger age groups allow them to dress themselves for PE or encourage them to put a dressing up costume on independently. This will teach them important skills, they may be frustrated initially but will feel a great sense of achievement when they can button up a shirt. With modern life being more pressurised and hectic we need to take time to reward and praise, recognise great efforts being made by a pupil in all areas of school life. This can help develop their own self-awareness, have a more positive attitude about themselves and set goals for the future. â€Å"Emotional intelligence or emotional well-being involves developing: positive self-esteem and self-image; emotional strength to deal with life’s highs and lows; confidence to face the world with optimism; and an awareness of our own feelings and those of other people† ( Kamen, 2012, p.300) 6.3. Explain why it is important to work with the child or young person to ensure they have strategies to protect themselves and make decisions about safety Nowadays we need to teach our children and young children both the dangers of face to face contact but also online contact too. They need to understand and recognise potential dangers and to be able to prevent putting themselves at risk and avoid harm. â€Å"You can teach children to be safe without scaring them – You just need to know how.† (www.kidpower.org 2014) Developing awareness starts in the early years foundation and continues right through to KS4 and by building trust with students as a support assistant they will be able to confide and talk to you if needs be. When explaining the need for safety it is important that it is dealt with calmly as you don’t want to increase fear and anxiety in the pupils. Local police officers often come into schools to discuss stranger safety, pupils are constantly reinforced about the importance of e-safety, road safety and the green cross code is often taught by outside groups in a fun but informative way and as they mature discussions which involve relationships, solvent/alcohol abuse must take place. PSHE (personal, social and health education) lessons do provide a perfect forum for such issues and to discuss problematic issues. As an adult you must remember to address these issues using age appropriate language, make sure they have the knowledge to safeguard themselves, explain what is appropriate/inappropriate, not to keep secrets and that you can say no. My school setting also communicates with parents over the issues of e-safety and stranger danger. 6.4 Explain ways of empowering children and young people to make positive and informed choices that support their well-being and safety. Children and young people need to be empowered in order to make positive and informed choices and this in turn will support their well-being and safety. â€Å"Therefore, the most effective way to teach children they have the power to take positive action to work through the challenges before them (now and later in life), is to encourage this belief in ourselves, and to make choices take action that reflects this belief.† (www.earthkids.com 2014) The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), changed the ways children are treated and viewed and outlines children’s rights and this document has empowered children. Within schools, teaching staff must help pupils to make the safe decisions, be supportive but discuss reasons. Children always push boundaries and as adults we must allow them to take and manage risks and grow in independence. For example when teaching children about road safety , they will be shown how to cross a road safely – stop, look ,listen and holding an adults hand, then the next step would be to cross with them without holding their hand and eventually the last stage would be crossing on their own. They are now empowered to make their own decision but throughout the process they have been supported and will understand the reasons for each stage. REFERENCE LIST www.earthskids.com/empwr.aspx (accessed November 2014) www.gov.uk/resilence_in_schools_health_inequalities 2014 (accessed November 2014) Kamen, T. (2011) Teaching Assistant’s Handbook for Level 3: Supporting Teaching and Learning in schools. Hodder Education www.kidpower.org/library/article/safe-without-scared (accessed November 2014) Meggit.C., Bruce.T., Grenier.J., (2012) Child Care and Education (2nd Edition) Hodder Education

Shared Service Costing

Helps In Identifying correct adoption of costing method which facilitates a transparent cost chargeable to Business Units (recipient of shared services) with granular Insight of the cost constituents. Introduction: In today's highly cost conscious environment, enterprise wide cost savings can be achieved by consolidating common work and infrastructure by using Shared Services units.But Business units often complain that Shared Services end up costing more than they targeted to save and also have the below questions:- â€Å"What are my Shared services costs made up off? † â€Å"Shared services costs are too high and affecting my product profitability' Shared services are unable to answer these questions due to lack of cost transparency in their cost models.Typical reasons for lack of cost transparency in shared services cost models are:- using complex costing methodology which makes measurement, chargeable and report to Business units difficult Lack of standardization of alloc ation logic Inability to completely automate the cross charging process Shared Service oodles † Our Shared services models enable cost transparency for multi-functional and reciprocal services rendered by Shared Services units.Cost transparency in context of Shared Services is to show the Business Services it consumes Cost of delivering these services Breaking the cost down to activities and resources involved in producing these services Allocation logic for cross charging On demand â€Å"what – with respect to demonstrate how costs change due to change In demand for services ,resource drivers and allocation logic Various automated cross charging models which reflect reciprocal services among Shared Services and eventually charge out to the Business are as follows:- Reciprocal costing model This costing model makes one time assignment of cost between Shared Services and eventually charges out Business for the Shared Services cost. This method Is easy to understand, fai rly accurate and facilitates In tracing cost to the origin. It also differentiates the rate at which Shared service unit Is charged with that charged to Business. Recursive costing model Services and Business. This method is accurate and reflects simultaneous charging at the same rate to Shared service and Business.Business benefits of the models: – (Positive Business Outcomes) Substantial reduction in lead time of calculating cross charging rates by eliminating manual and Increase in frequency of variance reporting which leads to repetitive interventions improved control of costs Detailed breakdown of cost of each service by the activities ensured and resources utilized Facilitates root cause analysis by tracing costs to origin for each service provided by Shared Services Availability of accurate and timely actionable cost data to analyze performance of Shared Services units and impact of its cost on Business Business benefits delivered.

Compare Contrast Essay Samples Reviews & Guide

Compare Contrast Essay Samples Reviews & Guide Whatever They Told You About Compare Contrast Essay Samples Is Dead Wrong...And Here's Why When you begin brainstorming and researching the subject, the odds are high you'll locate a wide collection of differences and similarities. Read and don't hesitate to share some intriguing differences between countries you've visited! Before you commence writing, you desire a very clear collection of points for comparing and contrasting. There are lots of words that it is possible to utilize to connect your thoughts and show how you're comparing or contrasting your topics. Realistically, either sort of essay will normally tackle both similarities and differences. Compare and contrast essays means you must analyze the similarities and differences between a few things. The end consequence of a comparison and contrast essay ought to be a deeper knowledge of a topic. The simplest portion of your essay to write is the conclusion because you are only summing up what you've already written. The introduction has three crucial elements. For instance, if you've got to generate a comparison between two distinct events through two aspects, you're need two paragraphs. Or you'll be able to use 1 paragraph to write about all of the similarities, and another paragraph to write about all of the differences between both topics, and after that use 1 paragraph to do your comparison. After discussing two distinct subjects independently, now you can analyze them together in a distinct paragraph. Each paragraph speaks on a single point of comparison when comparing both subject matters. It will have a topic sentence focused on the aspect you're comparing and contrasting. Check with the organizers as you compose the essay. Therefore, in case you have difficulties about how to compose a contrast essay, just stick to the tips outlined above. Our experts will let you know absolutely the very same, but after teaching you the way to compose a compare and contrast essay. While writing an outline for a compare and contrast essay there are only a few things that should be considered. These steps can assist you in writing this sort of essay outline. There's a fundamental format that this sort of essay should follow. There are many formats to select from when considering how to compose your essay. What You Need to Know About Compare Contrast Essay Samples You might also observe the descriptive essay. You can also understand the evaluation essay templates. Based on the strategy you wish to use, you'll need to choose an appropriate compare and contrast essay outline. Creating an outline before you even begin a rough draft can help you to organize your ideas, identify gaps that should be filled in, and allow you to write effortlessly. The introduction needs to be utilized to make a general outline of the comparison research paper. The subsequent outline may be used as a foundation for the essay. Your structure may vary widely. You could also enjoy the outline examples. The Dirty Facts About Compare Contrast Essay Samples Then you would concentrate on men within the next section. Just get those marks you need to include into your paper free of doubt. In the long run, it is going to be a four-paragraph paper. Listing characteristicsDivide a part of paper into two sides. Throughout the duration of your education and career (if you opt to be a writer), you will have the chance to work on different writing assignments and, obviously, essays are inevitable. In any event, you will need to be certain that your thesis statement reflects your instructor's expectations. This sort of essay is reportedly one of the absolute most required kinds of writing in college. As a way to continue to keep your essay informat ive and engaging, you will want to source for factual information which not only impresses the reader but also teaches them something they might not have already known. New Ideas Into Compare Contrast Essay Samples Never Before Revealed You may even go right ahead and mention some future developments. To make it simpler, our experts have divided a number of the best topics into 4 unique categories. The approach starts with brainstorming and deep investigating to obtain a wide collection of things that the topics have in common and various traits. Before you start to compare the 2 subjects, research to secure more knowledge on the topics you're writing about. Write down a list of topics you find appealing, analyze all the potential sources and select the one, which isn't only intriguing but has a great deal of evidence to found your essay on. In Lebanon, folks accept they belong to opposing groups, it is a foundation for identity and belonging, therefore it's not thought to be a taboo topic to be outwardly exclusive to a person's group. A complete number of paragraphs in the body section is dependent on a range of aspects or criteria you need to discuss. In case the topic you're working with is exciting for you, we're sure it is completely simple to work with this.

Globalization Research - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 776 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2018/12/15 Category Economics Essay Type Research paper Level High school Tags: Development Essay Economy Essay Globalization Essay Did you like this example? This is the process of integration and more interaction among the people, different governments, and companies due to spread of international investment and trade with the help of enhanced information technology.(we have to ensure that worldwide market is embedded in all shared practice and values that shows global social requirements and that the worldwide economy shares all the benefits brought by globalization) Globalization is basically an economic progress in integration with cultural and social aspects.(No generation has had the opportunity, that we have now, for building a worldwide economy with no one left behind, it is the best opportunity with profound responsibility) Globalization has brought both positive and negative impact in most countries on political, cultural, and economic states of the economy, the most important merit of globalization is the reduction of the level of unemployment in the economies.(Baylis, John, Patricia Owens, and Steve Smith, 2017). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Globalization Research" essay for you Create order Historical occurrences of globalization have been trending for decades, whether it is generating growth and development or the possibility of not depending on which point of view one takes about globalization. Europeans nations and Americans are the full-time beneficiaries of the globalization even thou some of the experts argue that it does not do well in the developed countries or it may be resulting to social inequalities and promoting poverty in developed countries. This era of communication democratization and a free flow of information e.g. the internet platform where people are able to produce products, distribute it in various forms to many different people at once leading significance loss of distance. Globalization has led to compression of countries boundaries due to increase in trading activities around the globe, as a result, there was formation of organizations such as World Trade Organization, legal international institutions, and increased dialogue among political leaders. A political leader has tried to make their image great in the global market.( Antunes, Ctia, and Karwan Fatah-Black, 2016) Benefits Positive effects Globalization process has affected the environment, political structures, cultural change, economic prosperity and development, and the lifestyle of humans in the society around the globe. The competition brought about by globalization among the organizations in fighting to meet the demand of the customers globally with the ability to distribute them; this has led to increasing in time of completion of products in relation to other organizations around the world. This has made business and organizations to maximize on more customers than the opponents business and this leads to satisfaction of needs of customers thru providing quality products and services and raising the living standards of the people creating economic stability. Exchange of cultural activities which are of benefit to a country is picked, welcoming the civilization has enlarged the societies. Globalization has promoted foreign investment in different countries which has resulted in the infrastructural development and increased employment opportunities and promoting foreign exchange rate. Globalization has promoted global markets due to ready, wider markets in the world with the demand for products increasing the transaction levels across borders. Globalization has created and widens foreign trade around the globe making available things that were found only in developed markets can be accessed by other countries in the world.( Bartsch, Fabian, Petra Riefler, and Adamantios Diamantopoulos, 2016) Negative effects Globalizations have negative effects to the developed counties such as fluctuation in prices of commodities due to large supply sources, job insecurity as only the skilled and experienced are mobile and can be hired at any place at any time around the world, capital flows, fluctuation in currency, and promotes terrorism due to immigration of people freely without boundaries on entry to different state.(Fukuda, Katsufumi, 2016) In conclusion, I go with globalization as a good awareness as it has brought the world to a global village, where trading activities can take place in a blink of a second. Globalization has promoted development in different countries, due to an enhanced exchange of information and communication, an intense competition which brings quality products to the customer, raising the standards of living among the people, and promoting development. Reference 1. Baylis, John, Patricia Owens, and Steve Smith, eds. The globalization of world politics: An introduction to international relations. Oxford University Press, 2017. 2. Antunes, Ctia, and Karwan Fatah-Black, eds. Explorations in History and Globalization. Routledge, 2016. 3. Bartsch, Fabian, Petra Riefler, and Adamantios Diamantopoulos. A taxonomy and review of positive consumer dispositions toward foreign countries and globalization. American Marketing Association, 2016. 4. Fukuda, Katsufumi. The effects of globalization on regional inequality in a model of semi-endogenous growth and footloose capital. Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting Economics 24.1-2 (2017): 95-105. 5. Filatotchev, Igor, R. Greg Bell, and Abdul A. Rasheed. Globalization of Capital Markets: Implications for Firm Strategies. Journal of International Management 22.3 (2016): 211-221.

Determinants of Gross Domestic Saving in Ethiopia a Time...

Determinants of Gross Domestic Saving in Ethiopia: a time series analysis Kidane Badeg Contact: Kidane Badeg MoFED P.o.Box 1905, Addis Ababa , Ethiopia Email: kbadeg@mofed.gov.et Abstract The study conduct a time series analysis of the determinants of gross domestic saving in Ethiopia using co-integration and error correction econometric modeling(ECM), and employed data for the period of 1971-2009 collected from National bank of Ethiopia (NBE), MOFED, CSA and world bank on annual base. The study revealed that GPCI, DR, INF, GTR and GGDS1-t significant influence on GDS in cointegration model. Further more GPC, INF, GTR and GGDS1-t are also significant in ECM model while PCI, RIR and GM2 showed insignificant coefficient in both†¦show more content†¦This is, therefore, that Keynes (1936) said saving become to be seen as potentially disruptive to the economy and harmful to social warfare as it reduce one component of demand, consumption, with out increase investment and it may cause inadequate demand and hence out put and employment lower than the capacity of the economy. This failure may attribute to variety of reasons including wage rigidity, liquidity prefer ence and fixed capital coefficient in production (Modigliani 1986). Despite the importance of saving for economic growth, saving rate is lower to finance the domestic investment in most developing countries. Sub Sahara Africa has low gross domestic saving (18% its GDP) when compare to South Asia, 26% and newly industrialized countries 43% in 2005 (IMF, 2007). For Ethiopia, during the imperial era, gross domestic saving as a percent of GDP was 11% on average. After the socialist state took power in 1974 there were expectations to wards the increment of saving by eliminating the luxury life style of the ruling classes. In actual fact the policy of imposing capital ceiling became a serious disincentive to saving class and further encouraged conspicuous consumption (Befekadu and Birhanu, 2000). Instead of increasing, what turned out during the Derg regime was the ratio of gross domestic saving (GDS) as percent of GDP has declined from 11% to 4% on average, while further show a very haphazard rate during the entire Derg regime from high of 7% inShow MoreR elatedFactors Affect Profitability26818 Words   |  108 PagesIndustry Amdemikael Abera A Thesis Submitted to The Department of Accounting and Finance Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science (Accounting and Finance) Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa, Ethiopia June 2012 Addis Ababa University School of Graduate Studies This is to certify that the thesis prepared by Amdemikael Abera, entitled: Factors Affecting Profitability: an Empirical Study on Ethiopian Banking Industry and submitted in partialRead MoreThe Ethiopian Financial Sector Reform29124 Words   |  117 Pagescomments. My thanks also goes to Ato Kagnew Wolde, Ato Tegenu Hailu, Ato Atnafu G/Meskel and Staff of Commercial Bank of Ethiopia; without whose encouragement and support, this paper would have not been completed timely. I am also indebted to my family and friends for their enduring moral support to finalize this task. Thanks must also be extended to staff of National Bank of Ethiopia, public and private banks and Ministry of Finance and Economic Development, who provided data and information whichRead MoreFactors Affect Choice of Bank Services23387 Words   |  94 Pagesperiod. My heartfelt thanks also go to my friends G/yessus G/hiwot (Defo) and Bahre Gebru for their technical, material, and moral supports. For they have devoted unreserved efforts to comment and edit my work before it has sent to advisor, the research time was a lovely moment for me. G/medhin G/silassie and Berhe W/mariam also deserve thankfulness for participating in the survey study. Last but not least, I would like to extend my gratitude to all my friends, colleagues and my beloved family who haveRead MoreClimate Change And Its Effects On Economic Growth Essay8671 Words   |  35 PagesFramework †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 16 2.2 Empirical Literature †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 22 CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 25 3.0 Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 25 3.3 Model Specification †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 26 3.4 Data Analysis and Techniques †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 26 References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 28 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background The evidence of climate change in Kenya is undeniable, while its effects on economic growth are no more mysterious; ratherRead MoreFormal and Informal Institutions21073 Words   |  85 PagesROSCAs SACCOs SCAs SMEs Anglican Church of Kenya Analysis of variance Gross domestic product Industrial and Commercial Development Corporation Kenya Rural Enterprise Programme Kenya shillings Mutual assistance groups Non-bank financial institutions Non government organisations Post Office Savings Bank Promotion of Rural Initiatives and Development Enterprises Rotating savings and credit associations Savings and credit cooperative societies Savings and credit associations Small and microenterprises Read MoreThe Cause of Globalization18688 Words   |  75 Pagesrestrict the multinationalization of production, but they have increasingly chosen to liberalize because of the macroeconomic benefits. Although the one-time Ricardian gains from freer trade are clear, whether trade is good for growth in the medium term is less certain. In the case of trade, the increasing interest of exporters in opening up domestic markets has had a powerful impact on the trend to liberalization. Cross-national variations in market integration still endure, but these are more theRead MoreAppraisal Techniques of Public Investments and Projects62994 Words   |  252 Pagesshadow pricing methodology and performance measures and decision criteria, together with financial and economic analysis techniques. By their very nature, public projects involve benefits and costs to society over a number of years into the future, unfortunately, market prices and investment outcomes cannot be predicted with certainty. The manual also introduces qualitative analysis concepts of investments. Author Mr. Sulaiman Kyambadde, is an economist, and a business and development consultant Read MoreInflation Cause, Effects and Remedies11309 Words   |  46 Pagesaccommodate chronic inflation, normal economic activities are disrupted: Consumers buy goods and services to avoid even higher prices; real estate speculation 1 increases; businesses concentrate on short-term investments; incentives to acquire savings, insurance policies, pensions, and long-term bonds are reduced because inflation erodes their future purchasing power; governments rapidly expand spending in anticipation of inflated revenues; and exporting nations suffer competitive trade disadvantagesRead MoreInflation Cause, Effects and Remedies11320 Words   |  46 Pagesaccommodate chronic inflation, normal economic activities are disrupted: Consumers buy goods and services to avoid even higher prices; real estate speculation 1 increases; businesses concentrate on short-term investments; incentives to acquire savings, insurance policies, pensions, and long-term bonds are reduced because inflation erodes their future purchasing power; governments rapidly expand spending in anticipation of inflated revenues; and exporting nations suffer competitive trade disadvantagesRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesE SSAYS ON TWENTIETH-C ENTURY H ISTORY In the series Critical Perspectives on the Past, edited by Susan Porter Benson, Stephen Brier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture

American Imperialism Free Essays

During the Cold War, the world in general was a maniacal, paranoia-driven place to live in. Feelings of nationalism and inter-cultural isolation/conformity created rifts filled with fear between opposing nations, especially the two superpowers. The United States, as the juxtaposition to Soviet communists, sought to identify communism as a social evil, and a suppressor of both happiness and liberty. We will write a custom essay sample on American Imperialism or any similar topic only for you Order Now The resulting mentality following the period of global animosity triggered numerous instances of economic/cultural collapse, simply because the United States refused to acknowledge communism as an acceptable alternative to a democratic, capitalist society. In truth, the actions practiced by the United States are essentially reprehensible. Just to eliminate traces of the misconception that capitalism is the solution to world-suffering, one must recall the situation in Chile during the Cold War. When Augusto Pinochet came to power in 1973, a startling statistic is that the unemployment rate was an enviable, by today’s standards, 4. 3%. However, in 1983, after ten years of free-market modernization, unemployment reached 22%. Real wages declined by 40% under military rule. This reality solidifies the fact that although not a necessarily democratic government, the free-market/capitalist Chilean government, severely exacerbated the issue of poverty in Chile. Capitalism, a system consistent with democracy, failed. Miserably. The first point is that the United States’ concerns for the economic well-being of other countries was misplaced, believing that the only way is the American way. As a world power drunk with international influence, the United States forced its policies on nations that were doing well without being â€Å"saved†. How to cite American Imperialism, Papers

Cyber Security Awareness -Free-Samples for Students- Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the IT Secruity. Answer: IT securityis the safety of various computer systems from the destruction or theft to the information, software or hardware, as well as from distortion or misleading of all the services provided by them (Behnia, Rashid Chaudhry, 2012). There are various types of IT securities for example, firewalls, encryption, access control, secured networks, and passwords. All these techniques are utilized to make the security of the computer systems strong. The following essay outlines the four basic types of computer security techniques. The four basic types of computer security are encryption, secured networks, access control and firewalls (Abawajy, 2014). This essay covers all the required details of the four mentioned computer securities. The description of above discussion is given below. Encryption: Encryptionis the procedure of concealing a data or message in such a way that only sanctioned users will be access it in cryptography. It does not prevent itself interference, but rejects to a would be interceptor, the understandable content. The expected data or message, which is cited to as aplaintext, is concealed using an encryption algorithm, originatingcipher textthat can only be read if decoded in an encryption algorithm (Lewko, Waters, 2012). An encryption algorithm usually utilizes apseudo randomencryption key produced by an algorithm for various technical reasons. It is in moral possibility to decode the data without getting the encryption key. However, for a well designed encryption algorithm, major computational skills and resources are needed. A sanctioned recipient can decode the data easily with the encryptionkeygiven by the generator to receivers however, never to the unauthorized users (Biham Shamir, 2012). The advantages of encryption are as follows: i) Security: The major advantage of encryption is the security. Data is endangered whenever it is relocated from one place to another. Therefore, it is evident that data or message should be secured before relocation. Encryption plays the important role in such cases. It produces a perfect key that will help the sender to encrypt his data and another key is given to the receiver, who can decode that message. ii) Integrity: Encryption maintains integrity in data. There is always a high chance that hackers can steal and alter data when they sent (Lewko Waters, 2012). Encryption saves the data integrity and hackers are unable to crack it. Privacy: Encryption is utilized to protect the data and thus can be claimed as privacy protector. When a sender is trying to send a data, there is a high chance that the hackers can read the entire message without the senders concern. Due to the key provided by encryption algorithm, hackers are unable to steal the data or message and the privacy is maintained Compliance: Many organizations have various compliance policies to maintain the privacy of the data (Biham Shamir, 2012). Encryption is a part of all these compliance policies. Symmetric Key: Symmetric key algorithms are cryptographic algorithms, which utilize the identical cryptographic keys for both encoding of the plain text and decoding of the cipher text. In this type of encryption algorithm, both the sender and the receiver have the same key for encryption and decryption. The main advantage of this algorithm is that the complexity is reduced as the encoding and the decoding is done with the same key and the data is extremely secured (Agrawal Mishra, 2012). Another advantage of symmetric key is that it is relatively fast because of its simplicity. However, in spite of having so many advantages, symmetric key cryptography do has some major disadvantages. The main disadvantage of this algorithm is that the key is shared, since both the sender and receiver uses the same key. Another key disadvantage of this algorithm is that if the key is lost, there is a high chance that the data cannot be decoded. Public Key: Public key or asymmetric key algorithms are just the opposite to symmetric key. Here the sender and the receiver of the data use two different keys for encoding and decoding the message (Abawajy, 2014). The major advantage of this algorithm is that security is higher than symmetric key algorithm as the key is not shared amongst the sender and receiver. The disadvantage of this algorithm is that it is slower than the symmetric key algorithm. Hashing: Hashing is a type of cryptographic security that is different from encryption. In encryption, only two steps are required, that is first the message is encoded and then the message is decoded (Sobti Geetha, 2012). Whereas in hashing, the message is concealed into an irreparable value of fixed length, which is also known as hash. Symmetric key encryption and Public key encryption are used for confidentiality that is these two algorithms keep the data confidential and secured from intrusion. Whereas, hashing technique is used for authentication as it mains the authenticity of the data (Lewko Waters, 2012). There are various hash functions, which have many security applications like digital signatures that maintain the authenticity. Secure Networks: An organization is always unsafe, when it comes to its security of information. It is the responsibility of the security administrator of that organization, to stop or mitigate any kind of security issues. A major problem of security in any organization is the Denial of Service attacks or DoS attacks (Stallings Tahiliani, 2014). This attack is a type of cyber attack, where the illegal person or the hacker seeks to build a network resource or a machine unavailable to the authorized users by unspecified or temporary disruption of services of a host that is connected to the internet. DoS is usually executed by blocking the service of the user by the hacker. The illegal person or the hacker comes in between the service of the Internet. The main aim is to overload the systems so that the user is unable to use them (Perlman, Kaufman Speciner, 2016). There are various type of Denial of Service attacks. They are as follows: Distributed Denial of Service: In distributed Denial of Service attacks, the hacker utilizes more than one distinctive IP address (Zhang et al., 2015). Most of the time the hacker uses thousands of distinctive IP addresses. The user gets confused that from which IP address hacking is done. Application Layer Attacks: This type of denial of service attacks is different from the distributed denial of service attacks. Here, the hackers focus on the application layer of the Open Systems Interconnection or OSI model. The attack exercises distinct aspects or functions of a particular website with a wrong intention of disabling the aspects and the functions (Yu, 2014). This application layer denial of service attacks are way different than the complete network attack and are mainly utilized against various financial institutions to distract the IT professionals for breaching. An organization is mainly faces the DDoS or the Distributed Denial of Service attacks (Tan et al., 2014). However, the security administrator can take various ways to make their security strong. The two ways to mitigate or stop DDoS in the organization are as follows Firewalls: Deploying a firewall or an anti virus program can help to prevent Denial of Service attacks in an organization. The antivirus program or the firewall restricts the usage of bandwidth to the authorized users only. When the hacker or the intruder tries for denial of service attack, the firewall or the antivirus program stops him. Often, the hacker gets exposed through the firewall. It is a security system of network, which detects and manages the outgoing and the incoming network traffic that is based on previously determined security rules (Tan et al., 2014). An antivirus program usually installs a barrier between the secured network and any other outside network for example the Internet. Firewalls are sub divided into host-based firewalls or network firewalls. Host-based firewalls provide one layer of software on any one host, which manages network traffic. Traffic is filtered within two or more networks in network firewalls (Stallings Tahiliani, 2014). These networks are either hardware based firewalls or general-purpose hardware or software appliances. These two types of firewalls can prevent DoS attacks and can protect the organization. Server Configuration: This configuration of servers can help to decrease the chances of attacks (Zhang et al., 2015). The security administrator or an organization looks at the network configurations and makes the firewall policies strong enough to block the unauthorized users from addressing the resources of the server. The server is secured and configured and thus, it helps the users to stop and mitigate hacking. Passwords are important for all systems to stop hacking (Perlman, Kaufman Speciner, 2016). When the firewall is installed, the hacker is not able to find out the server and even if he is able to find out, he cannot enter or make any changes in the server and finally DoS attack can be prevented. The above-mentioned two ways can be useful for the system administrator to make his organization safe and secured from Denial of Service attacks. Access Control: This is another way of securing the IT systems. Access control is the choosy limitation of access to a particular resource or place (Choi, Choi Kim, 2014). The term access control refers to the practice of limitation of entry to a folder, file or system. Physical access control can be attained by an individual through various ways like locks and keys or through technical means like the access control systems. The security administrator of an organization has the responsibility to control the access of his systems (Ruj Nayak, 2013). There are certain rules for working in secure areas. The rules are as follows: Maintaining Integrity: When a user accesses a system, he/she should maintain the integrity of the system (Zhang et al., 2015). All the employees and the staff members of the organization should maintain the integrity of all the resources of internet. Actions Limited: All the actions and activities of all the employees should be limited that means; internet should not be used for personal purposes (Li, 2013). The users should be authorized and sanctioned Login Required: All employees should login and the information should be secured. Password: All systems should be password protected. Trash or recycle bin is a temporary storage for various files which are deleted by the user. However, the deleted files does not get permanently erased from the system (Hu, 2013). The user has to manually erase from the computer and only the files will be permanently deleted. There is an option to undelete or recover those files from the computer and they will be again saved in the previous location. In the trash folder, a record is stored of each file and the main location of the directory. On definite operating systems, different files are carried out from the trash bin only before they can again be used (Perlman, Kaufman Speciner, 2016). Whether or not the files that are deleted by a particular program automatically move to the recycle bin is dependent on its degree of amalgamation with a particularfunction and its desktop environment. The lower level advantages usually surpass the layer completely and remove the files immediately. A particular program, which includes the file ma nager functionality, may or may not forward files to the trash bin, or it may enable the user to select within those options (Li, 2013). Trash bins can be protected with the help of certain security like passwords. These passwords are to be changed from time to time, so that unauthorized users are unable to access them. There is always a danger or risk for unauthorized computer access in any system. However, this can be controlled with various techniques (Stallings Tahiliani, 2014). The different techniques to mitigate or reduce the desktop PC theft or unauthorized computer access are as follows: i) Use of passwords: Every system should be password protected, so that there will be no risk of fake access of devices or systems. ii) Antivirus: All systems should be antivirus protected so that there is no chance of virus or malware attacks. iii) Up to Dated Software: This is another technique of reducing the risk of unauthorized access to the computers. Software plays an important role in the access control of any computer (Zhang et al., 2015). Therefore, the software should be up to dated regularly to avoid hackers and wrong access to desktops. iv) Software Security: Security of the installed software should be verified without failure (Perlman, Kaufman Speciner, 2016). This is another technique of reducing the risk of unauthorized access. v) Firewalls: All systems should have their own personal firewalls that can protect the system from being hacked by intrusions. vi) Early backups: This is another important technique for reducing the risk of desktop PC theft. Backups should taken time to time. vii)Protection from power losses: The desktop should be protected from any type of power losses and surges (Hu, 2013). viii) Safe Internet Surfing: Unauthorized websites lead to hacking. Internet surfing should be safe and secure. Firewalls: Firewall is a security system of network, which detects and manages the outgoing and the incoming network traffic that is based on previously determined security rules (Salah, Elbadawi Boutaba, 2012). An antivirus program usually installs a barrier between the secured network and any other outside network for example the Internet. Firewalls are sub divided into host-based firewalls or network firewalls. Host-based firewalls provide one layer of software on any one host, which manages network traffic. Traffic is filtered within two or more networks in network firewalls (Dhage Meshram, 2012). These networks are either hardware based firewalls or general-purpose hardware or software appliances. IDS: Intrusion Detection System is an application of software, which detects the systems or the networks for any type of violations in policies and malicious activities (Li, 2012). When any type of intrusion is detected in the system, it is immediately informed to the administrator or recorded through a system known as Security Information and Event Management or SIEM. This SIEM system amalgamates the outputs from the various sources and utilizes techniques for filtering the alarm to identify the malicious activities from false alarms. There are two types of filtering IDS use. They are as follows: a) Deep Packet Inspection: Deep packet inspection or DPI in short is a type of packet filtering of computer network, which evaluates the part of data of a particular packet as it passes through a point of inspection (Stewart, 2013). It searches for non compliance protocol, intrusions, spam, virus or defined criteria to determine whether that packet should pass or routing is needed towards a different destination. There is another purpose of storing statistical information, which works at the Application Layer of the Open Systems Interconnection or OSI model. There are various ways to attain packets for deep packet inspection. Span Port or Port Mirroring is the most common way for acquiring packets (Liao, 2013). Deep Packet Inspection allows security functions, user service, advanced network management, internet censorship, eavesdropping and internet data mining. DPI is utilized in a broader range of applications, at the so called enterprise level that is the larger institutions and t he corporations in the service providers of telecommunications and also in governments. DPI helps them to secure their internet service providers and internal networks (Dhage Meshram, 2012). Other uses are quality of service, lawful intercept, targeted advertising, copyright enforcement, policy definition and enforcement and offering tiered services. b) Packet Stream Analysis: A packet analyzer or a packet sniffer is a computer program, which can log and alter traffic that crosses over a part of a network or a digital network. When the data streams flow through the network, the packet analyzer captures each of the packet and whenever needed, can decrypt the raw data of the packet. This shows the values of different packet fields and evaluates the content accordingly. The process of logging and altering or intercepting data is known as packet capture (Li, 2012). On LANs like FDDI networks, Token Ring and Ethernet, the traffic can be captured on either parts of the network or the entire network from a single machine. However, some of the methods often avoid narrowing of traffic to obtain access by specific switches to traffic from all other systems. The example of this is the ARP Spoofing. In network monitoring purposes, all the data packets are monitored by utilizing a network in a LAN with a monitoring port (Salah, Elbadawi Bout aba, 2012). This monitoring port mirrors all the packets, which crosses through all of the ports of the switches, when the systems are connected to a switch port. The main uses of packet analyzers are as follows: Monitor usage of network Analyze problems of network Detect misuse of network by various users Obtain information for the intrusion of network Monitoring data in motion (Stewart, 2013). 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