Determinants of Gross Domestic Saving in Ethiopia a Time...

Determinants of Gross Domestic Saving in Ethiopia: a time series analysis Kidane Badeg Contact: Kidane Badeg MoFED P.o.Box 1905, Addis Ababa , Ethiopia Email: kbadeg@mofed.gov.et Abstract The study conduct a time series analysis of the determinants of gross domestic saving in Ethiopia using co-integration and error correction econometric modeling(ECM), and employed data for the period of 1971-2009 collected from National bank of Ethiopia (NBE), MOFED, CSA and world bank on annual base. The study revealed that GPCI, DR, INF, GTR and GGDS1-t significant influence on GDS in cointegration model. Further more GPC, INF, GTR and GGDS1-t are also significant in ECM model while PCI, RIR and GM2 showed insignificant coefficient in both†¦show more content†¦This is, therefore, that Keynes (1936) said saving become to be seen as potentially disruptive to the economy and harmful to social warfare as it reduce one component of demand, consumption, with out increase investment and it may cause inadequate demand and hence out put and employment lower than the capacity of the economy. This failure may attribute to variety of reasons including wage rigidity, liquidity prefer ence and fixed capital coefficient in production (Modigliani 1986). Despite the importance of saving for economic growth, saving rate is lower to finance the domestic investment in most developing countries. Sub Sahara Africa has low gross domestic saving (18% its GDP) when compare to South Asia, 26% and newly industrialized countries 43% in 2005 (IMF, 2007). For Ethiopia, during the imperial era, gross domestic saving as a percent of GDP was 11% on average. After the socialist state took power in 1974 there were expectations to wards the increment of saving by eliminating the luxury life style of the ruling classes. In actual fact the policy of imposing capital ceiling became a serious disincentive to saving class and further encouraged conspicuous consumption (Befekadu and Birhanu, 2000). Instead of increasing, what turned out during the Derg regime was the ratio of gross domestic saving (GDS) as percent of GDP has declined from 11% to 4% on average, while further show a very haphazard rate during the entire Derg regime from high of 7% inShow MoreR elatedFactors Affect Profitability26818 Words   |  108 PagesIndustry Amdemikael Abera A Thesis Submitted to The Department of Accounting and Finance Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science (Accounting and Finance) Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa, Ethiopia June 2012 Addis Ababa University School of Graduate Studies This is to certify that the thesis prepared by Amdemikael Abera, entitled: Factors Affecting Profitability: an Empirical Study on Ethiopian Banking Industry and submitted in partialRead MoreThe Ethiopian Financial Sector Reform29124 Words   |  117 Pagescomments. My thanks also goes to Ato Kagnew Wolde, Ato Tegenu Hailu, Ato Atnafu G/Meskel and Staff of Commercial Bank of Ethiopia; without whose encouragement and support, this paper would have not been completed timely. I am also indebted to my family and friends for their enduring moral support to finalize this task. Thanks must also be extended to staff of National Bank of Ethiopia, public and private banks and Ministry of Finance and Economic Development, who provided data and information whichRead MoreFactors Affect Choice of Bank Services23387 Words   |  94 Pagesperiod. My heartfelt thanks also go to my friends G/yessus G/hiwot (Defo) and Bahre Gebru for their technical, material, and moral supports. For they have devoted unreserved efforts to comment and edit my work before it has sent to advisor, the research time was a lovely moment for me. G/medhin G/silassie and Berhe W/mariam also deserve thankfulness for participating in the survey study. Last but not least, I would like to extend my gratitude to all my friends, colleagues and my beloved family who haveRead MoreClimate Change And Its Effects On Economic Growth Essay8671 Words   |  35 PagesFramework †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 16 2.2 Empirical Literature †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 22 CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 25 3.0 Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 25 3.3 Model Specification †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 26 3.4 Data Analysis and Techniques †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 26 References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 28 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background The evidence of climate change in Kenya is undeniable, while its effects on economic growth are no more mysterious; ratherRead MoreFormal and Informal Institutions21073 Words   |  85 PagesROSCAs SACCOs SCAs SMEs Anglican Church of Kenya Analysis of variance Gross domestic product Industrial and Commercial Development Corporation Kenya Rural Enterprise Programme Kenya shillings Mutual assistance groups Non-bank financial institutions Non government organisations Post Office Savings Bank Promotion of Rural Initiatives and Development Enterprises Rotating savings and credit associations Savings and credit cooperative societies Savings and credit associations Small and microenterprises Read MoreThe Cause of Globalization18688 Words   |  75 Pagesrestrict the multinationalization of production, but they have increasingly chosen to liberalize because of the macroeconomic benefits. Although the one-time Ricardian gains from freer trade are clear, whether trade is good for growth in the medium term is less certain. In the case of trade, the increasing interest of exporters in opening up domestic markets has had a powerful impact on the trend to liberalization. Cross-national variations in market integration still endure, but these are more theRead MoreAppraisal Techniques of Public Investments and Projects62994 Words   |  252 Pagesshadow pricing methodology and performance measures and decision criteria, together with financial and economic analysis techniques. By their very nature, public projects involve benefits and costs to society over a number of years into the future, unfortunately, market prices and investment outcomes cannot be predicted with certainty. The manual also introduces qualitative analysis concepts of investments. Author Mr. Sulaiman Kyambadde, is an economist, and a business and development consultant Read MoreInflation Cause, Effects and Remedies11309 Words   |  46 Pagesaccommodate chronic inflation, normal economic activities are disrupted: Consumers buy goods and services to avoid even higher prices; real estate speculation 1 increases; businesses concentrate on short-term investments; incentives to acquire savings, insurance policies, pensions, and long-term bonds are reduced because inflation erodes their future purchasing power; governments rapidly expand spending in anticipation of inflated revenues; and exporting nations suffer competitive trade disadvantagesRead MoreInflation Cause, Effects and Remedies11320 Words   |  46 Pagesaccommodate chronic inflation, normal economic activities are disrupted: Consumers buy goods and services to avoid even higher prices; real estate speculation 1 increases; businesses concentrate on short-term investments; incentives to acquire savings, insurance policies, pensions, and long-term bonds are reduced because inflation erodes their future purchasing power; governments rapidly expand spending in anticipation of inflated revenues; and exporting nations suffer competitive trade disadvantagesRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesE SSAYS ON TWENTIETH-C ENTURY H ISTORY In the series Critical Perspectives on the Past, edited by Susan Porter Benson, Stephen Brier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture

American Imperialism Free Essays

During the Cold War, the world in general was a maniacal, paranoia-driven place to live in. Feelings of nationalism and inter-cultural isolation/conformity created rifts filled with fear between opposing nations, especially the two superpowers. The United States, as the juxtaposition to Soviet communists, sought to identify communism as a social evil, and a suppressor of both happiness and liberty. We will write a custom essay sample on American Imperialism or any similar topic only for you Order Now The resulting mentality following the period of global animosity triggered numerous instances of economic/cultural collapse, simply because the United States refused to acknowledge communism as an acceptable alternative to a democratic, capitalist society. In truth, the actions practiced by the United States are essentially reprehensible. Just to eliminate traces of the misconception that capitalism is the solution to world-suffering, one must recall the situation in Chile during the Cold War. When Augusto Pinochet came to power in 1973, a startling statistic is that the unemployment rate was an enviable, by today’s standards, 4. 3%. However, in 1983, after ten years of free-market modernization, unemployment reached 22%. Real wages declined by 40% under military rule. This reality solidifies the fact that although not a necessarily democratic government, the free-market/capitalist Chilean government, severely exacerbated the issue of poverty in Chile. Capitalism, a system consistent with democracy, failed. Miserably. The first point is that the United States’ concerns for the economic well-being of other countries was misplaced, believing that the only way is the American way. As a world power drunk with international influence, the United States forced its policies on nations that were doing well without being â€Å"saved†. How to cite American Imperialism, Papers

Cyber Security Awareness -Free-Samples for Students- Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the IT Secruity. Answer: IT securityis the safety of various computer systems from the destruction or theft to the information, software or hardware, as well as from distortion or misleading of all the services provided by them (Behnia, Rashid Chaudhry, 2012). There are various types of IT securities for example, firewalls, encryption, access control, secured networks, and passwords. All these techniques are utilized to make the security of the computer systems strong. The following essay outlines the four basic types of computer security techniques. The four basic types of computer security are encryption, secured networks, access control and firewalls (Abawajy, 2014). This essay covers all the required details of the four mentioned computer securities. The description of above discussion is given below. Encryption: Encryptionis the procedure of concealing a data or message in such a way that only sanctioned users will be access it in cryptography. It does not prevent itself interference, but rejects to a would be interceptor, the understandable content. The expected data or message, which is cited to as aplaintext, is concealed using an encryption algorithm, originatingcipher textthat can only be read if decoded in an encryption algorithm (Lewko, Waters, 2012). An encryption algorithm usually utilizes apseudo randomencryption key produced by an algorithm for various technical reasons. It is in moral possibility to decode the data without getting the encryption key. However, for a well designed encryption algorithm, major computational skills and resources are needed. A sanctioned recipient can decode the data easily with the encryptionkeygiven by the generator to receivers however, never to the unauthorized users (Biham Shamir, 2012). The advantages of encryption are as follows: i) Security: The major advantage of encryption is the security. Data is endangered whenever it is relocated from one place to another. Therefore, it is evident that data or message should be secured before relocation. Encryption plays the important role in such cases. It produces a perfect key that will help the sender to encrypt his data and another key is given to the receiver, who can decode that message. ii) Integrity: Encryption maintains integrity in data. There is always a high chance that hackers can steal and alter data when they sent (Lewko Waters, 2012). Encryption saves the data integrity and hackers are unable to crack it. Privacy: Encryption is utilized to protect the data and thus can be claimed as privacy protector. When a sender is trying to send a data, there is a high chance that the hackers can read the entire message without the senders concern. Due to the key provided by encryption algorithm, hackers are unable to steal the data or message and the privacy is maintained Compliance: Many organizations have various compliance policies to maintain the privacy of the data (Biham Shamir, 2012). Encryption is a part of all these compliance policies. Symmetric Key: Symmetric key algorithms are cryptographic algorithms, which utilize the identical cryptographic keys for both encoding of the plain text and decoding of the cipher text. In this type of encryption algorithm, both the sender and the receiver have the same key for encryption and decryption. The main advantage of this algorithm is that the complexity is reduced as the encoding and the decoding is done with the same key and the data is extremely secured (Agrawal Mishra, 2012). Another advantage of symmetric key is that it is relatively fast because of its simplicity. However, in spite of having so many advantages, symmetric key cryptography do has some major disadvantages. The main disadvantage of this algorithm is that the key is shared, since both the sender and receiver uses the same key. Another key disadvantage of this algorithm is that if the key is lost, there is a high chance that the data cannot be decoded. Public Key: Public key or asymmetric key algorithms are just the opposite to symmetric key. Here the sender and the receiver of the data use two different keys for encoding and decoding the message (Abawajy, 2014). The major advantage of this algorithm is that security is higher than symmetric key algorithm as the key is not shared amongst the sender and receiver. The disadvantage of this algorithm is that it is slower than the symmetric key algorithm. Hashing: Hashing is a type of cryptographic security that is different from encryption. In encryption, only two steps are required, that is first the message is encoded and then the message is decoded (Sobti Geetha, 2012). Whereas in hashing, the message is concealed into an irreparable value of fixed length, which is also known as hash. Symmetric key encryption and Public key encryption are used for confidentiality that is these two algorithms keep the data confidential and secured from intrusion. Whereas, hashing technique is used for authentication as it mains the authenticity of the data (Lewko Waters, 2012). There are various hash functions, which have many security applications like digital signatures that maintain the authenticity. Secure Networks: An organization is always unsafe, when it comes to its security of information. It is the responsibility of the security administrator of that organization, to stop or mitigate any kind of security issues. A major problem of security in any organization is the Denial of Service attacks or DoS attacks (Stallings Tahiliani, 2014). This attack is a type of cyber attack, where the illegal person or the hacker seeks to build a network resource or a machine unavailable to the authorized users by unspecified or temporary disruption of services of a host that is connected to the internet. DoS is usually executed by blocking the service of the user by the hacker. The illegal person or the hacker comes in between the service of the Internet. The main aim is to overload the systems so that the user is unable to use them (Perlman, Kaufman Speciner, 2016). There are various type of Denial of Service attacks. They are as follows: Distributed Denial of Service: In distributed Denial of Service attacks, the hacker utilizes more than one distinctive IP address (Zhang et al., 2015). Most of the time the hacker uses thousands of distinctive IP addresses. The user gets confused that from which IP address hacking is done. Application Layer Attacks: This type of denial of service attacks is different from the distributed denial of service attacks. Here, the hackers focus on the application layer of the Open Systems Interconnection or OSI model. The attack exercises distinct aspects or functions of a particular website with a wrong intention of disabling the aspects and the functions (Yu, 2014). This application layer denial of service attacks are way different than the complete network attack and are mainly utilized against various financial institutions to distract the IT professionals for breaching. An organization is mainly faces the DDoS or the Distributed Denial of Service attacks (Tan et al., 2014). However, the security administrator can take various ways to make their security strong. The two ways to mitigate or stop DDoS in the organization are as follows Firewalls: Deploying a firewall or an anti virus program can help to prevent Denial of Service attacks in an organization. The antivirus program or the firewall restricts the usage of bandwidth to the authorized users only. When the hacker or the intruder tries for denial of service attack, the firewall or the antivirus program stops him. Often, the hacker gets exposed through the firewall. It is a security system of network, which detects and manages the outgoing and the incoming network traffic that is based on previously determined security rules (Tan et al., 2014). An antivirus program usually installs a barrier between the secured network and any other outside network for example the Internet. Firewalls are sub divided into host-based firewalls or network firewalls. Host-based firewalls provide one layer of software on any one host, which manages network traffic. Traffic is filtered within two or more networks in network firewalls (Stallings Tahiliani, 2014). These networks are either hardware based firewalls or general-purpose hardware or software appliances. These two types of firewalls can prevent DoS attacks and can protect the organization. Server Configuration: This configuration of servers can help to decrease the chances of attacks (Zhang et al., 2015). The security administrator or an organization looks at the network configurations and makes the firewall policies strong enough to block the unauthorized users from addressing the resources of the server. The server is secured and configured and thus, it helps the users to stop and mitigate hacking. Passwords are important for all systems to stop hacking (Perlman, Kaufman Speciner, 2016). When the firewall is installed, the hacker is not able to find out the server and even if he is able to find out, he cannot enter or make any changes in the server and finally DoS attack can be prevented. The above-mentioned two ways can be useful for the system administrator to make his organization safe and secured from Denial of Service attacks. Access Control: This is another way of securing the IT systems. Access control is the choosy limitation of access to a particular resource or place (Choi, Choi Kim, 2014). The term access control refers to the practice of limitation of entry to a folder, file or system. Physical access control can be attained by an individual through various ways like locks and keys or through technical means like the access control systems. The security administrator of an organization has the responsibility to control the access of his systems (Ruj Nayak, 2013). There are certain rules for working in secure areas. The rules are as follows: Maintaining Integrity: When a user accesses a system, he/she should maintain the integrity of the system (Zhang et al., 2015). All the employees and the staff members of the organization should maintain the integrity of all the resources of internet. Actions Limited: All the actions and activities of all the employees should be limited that means; internet should not be used for personal purposes (Li, 2013). The users should be authorized and sanctioned Login Required: All employees should login and the information should be secured. Password: All systems should be password protected. Trash or recycle bin is a temporary storage for various files which are deleted by the user. However, the deleted files does not get permanently erased from the system (Hu, 2013). The user has to manually erase from the computer and only the files will be permanently deleted. There is an option to undelete or recover those files from the computer and they will be again saved in the previous location. In the trash folder, a record is stored of each file and the main location of the directory. On definite operating systems, different files are carried out from the trash bin only before they can again be used (Perlman, Kaufman Speciner, 2016). Whether or not the files that are deleted by a particular program automatically move to the recycle bin is dependent on its degree of amalgamation with a particularfunction and its desktop environment. The lower level advantages usually surpass the layer completely and remove the files immediately. A particular program, which includes the file ma nager functionality, may or may not forward files to the trash bin, or it may enable the user to select within those options (Li, 2013). Trash bins can be protected with the help of certain security like passwords. These passwords are to be changed from time to time, so that unauthorized users are unable to access them. There is always a danger or risk for unauthorized computer access in any system. However, this can be controlled with various techniques (Stallings Tahiliani, 2014). The different techniques to mitigate or reduce the desktop PC theft or unauthorized computer access are as follows: i) Use of passwords: Every system should be password protected, so that there will be no risk of fake access of devices or systems. ii) Antivirus: All systems should be antivirus protected so that there is no chance of virus or malware attacks. iii) Up to Dated Software: This is another technique of reducing the risk of unauthorized access to the computers. Software plays an important role in the access control of any computer (Zhang et al., 2015). Therefore, the software should be up to dated regularly to avoid hackers and wrong access to desktops. iv) Software Security: Security of the installed software should be verified without failure (Perlman, Kaufman Speciner, 2016). This is another technique of reducing the risk of unauthorized access. v) Firewalls: All systems should have their own personal firewalls that can protect the system from being hacked by intrusions. vi) Early backups: This is another important technique for reducing the risk of desktop PC theft. Backups should taken time to time. vii)Protection from power losses: The desktop should be protected from any type of power losses and surges (Hu, 2013). viii) Safe Internet Surfing: Unauthorized websites lead to hacking. Internet surfing should be safe and secure. Firewalls: Firewall is a security system of network, which detects and manages the outgoing and the incoming network traffic that is based on previously determined security rules (Salah, Elbadawi Boutaba, 2012). An antivirus program usually installs a barrier between the secured network and any other outside network for example the Internet. Firewalls are sub divided into host-based firewalls or network firewalls. Host-based firewalls provide one layer of software on any one host, which manages network traffic. Traffic is filtered within two or more networks in network firewalls (Dhage Meshram, 2012). These networks are either hardware based firewalls or general-purpose hardware or software appliances. IDS: Intrusion Detection System is an application of software, which detects the systems or the networks for any type of violations in policies and malicious activities (Li, 2012). When any type of intrusion is detected in the system, it is immediately informed to the administrator or recorded through a system known as Security Information and Event Management or SIEM. This SIEM system amalgamates the outputs from the various sources and utilizes techniques for filtering the alarm to identify the malicious activities from false alarms. There are two types of filtering IDS use. They are as follows: a) Deep Packet Inspection: Deep packet inspection or DPI in short is a type of packet filtering of computer network, which evaluates the part of data of a particular packet as it passes through a point of inspection (Stewart, 2013). It searches for non compliance protocol, intrusions, spam, virus or defined criteria to determine whether that packet should pass or routing is needed towards a different destination. There is another purpose of storing statistical information, which works at the Application Layer of the Open Systems Interconnection or OSI model. There are various ways to attain packets for deep packet inspection. Span Port or Port Mirroring is the most common way for acquiring packets (Liao, 2013). Deep Packet Inspection allows security functions, user service, advanced network management, internet censorship, eavesdropping and internet data mining. DPI is utilized in a broader range of applications, at the so called enterprise level that is the larger institutions and t he corporations in the service providers of telecommunications and also in governments. DPI helps them to secure their internet service providers and internal networks (Dhage Meshram, 2012). Other uses are quality of service, lawful intercept, targeted advertising, copyright enforcement, policy definition and enforcement and offering tiered services. b) Packet Stream Analysis: A packet analyzer or a packet sniffer is a computer program, which can log and alter traffic that crosses over a part of a network or a digital network. When the data streams flow through the network, the packet analyzer captures each of the packet and whenever needed, can decrypt the raw data of the packet. This shows the values of different packet fields and evaluates the content accordingly. The process of logging and altering or intercepting data is known as packet capture (Li, 2012). On LANs like FDDI networks, Token Ring and Ethernet, the traffic can be captured on either parts of the network or the entire network from a single machine. However, some of the methods often avoid narrowing of traffic to obtain access by specific switches to traffic from all other systems. The example of this is the ARP Spoofing. In network monitoring purposes, all the data packets are monitored by utilizing a network in a LAN with a monitoring port (Salah, Elbadawi Bout aba, 2012). This monitoring port mirrors all the packets, which crosses through all of the ports of the switches, when the systems are connected to a switch port. The main uses of packet analyzers are as follows: Monitor usage of network Analyze problems of network Detect misuse of network by various users Obtain information for the intrusion of network Monitoring data in motion (Stewart, 2013). Detecting attempts of network intrusion Isolating exploited systems Filter suspected content from network traffic Spy on other network users Therefore, from the above discussion it can be concluded that IT security is important for all computers and there are various techniques for security. The above assignment contains four important techniques of IT security with proper details References Abawajy, J. (2014). User preference of cyber security awareness delivery methods.Behaviour Information Technology,33(3), 237-248. Agrawal, M., Mishra, P. (2012). A comparative survey on symmetric key encryption techniques.International Journal on Computer Science and Engineering,4(5), 877. Behnia, A., Rashid, R. A., Chaudhry, J. A. (2012). A survey of information security risk analysis methods.SmartCR,2(1), 79-94. Biham, E., Shamir, A. (2012).Differential cryptanalysis of the data encryption standard. Springer Science Business Media. Choi, C., Choi, J., Kim, P. (2014). Ontology-based access control model for security policy reasoning in cloud computing.The Journal of Supercomputing,67(3), 711-722. Dhage, S. N., Meshram, B. B. (2012). Intrusion detection system in cloud computing environment.International Journal of Cloud Computing,1(2-3), 261-282. Hu, V. C., Ferraiolo, D., Kuhn, R., Friedman, A. R., Lang, A. J., Cogdell, M. M., ... Scarfone, K. (2013). Guide to attribute based access control (ABAC) definition and considerations (draft).NIST special publication,800(162). Lewko, A. B., Waters, B. (2012, August). New Proof Methods for Attribute-Based Encryption: Achieving Full Security through Selective Techniques. InCRYPTO(Vol. 7417, pp. 180-198). Li, J., Chen, X., Li, J., Jia, C., Ma, J., Lou, W. (2013, September). Fine-grained access control system based on outsourced attribute-based encryption. InEuropean Symposium on Research in Computer Security(pp. 592-609). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Li, Y., Xia, J., Zhang, S., Yan, J., Ai, X., Dai, K. (2012). An efficient intrusion detection system based on support vector machines and gradually feature removal method.Expert Systems with Applications,39(1), 424-430. Liao, H. J., Lin, C. H. R., Lin, Y. C., Tung, K. Y. (2013). Intrusion detection system: A comprehensive review.Journal of Network and Computer Applications,36(1), 16-24. Perlman, R., Kaufman, C., Speciner, M. (2016).Network security: private communication in a public world. Pearson Education India. Ruj, S., Nayak, A. (2013). A decentralized security framework for data aggregation and access control in smart grids.IEEE transactions on smart grid,4(1), 196-205. Salah, K., Elbadawi, K., Boutaba, R. (2012). Performance modeling and analysis of network firewalls.IEEE Transactions on network and service management,9(1), 12-21. Sobti, R., Geetha, G. (2012). Cryptographic hash functions: a review.IJCSI International Journal of Computer Science Issues,9(2), 461-479. Stallings, W., Tahiliani, M. P. (2014).Cryptography and network security: principles and practice(Vol. 6). London: Pearson. Stewart, J. M. (2013).Network Security, Firewalls and VPNs. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Tan, Z., Jamdagni, A., He, X., Nanda, P., Liu, R. P. (2014). A system for denial-of-service attack detection based on multivariate correlation analysis.IEEE transactions on parallel and distributed systems,25(2), 447-456. Yu, S. (2014).Distributed Denial of Service Attack and Defense(pp. 15-29). Springer New York. Zhang, H., Cheng, P., Shi, L., Chen, J. (2015). Optimal denial-of-service attack scheduling with energy constraint.IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control,60(11), 3023-3028.

Theory Based Character Description free essay sample

The structure of Jenny’s life begins with her beliefs, morals, goals and capabilities of change throughout her lifetime. Early in life, she seemed to have dreams and goals for the future. She desired to be a performer, singer, songwriter and musician. Unfortunately, those aspirations were destroyed when she instead became a nude model and stripper, which killed her college career when she was expelled. She degraded herself and could never recover the self-respect and respect from others that she lost from doing that. There are many examples throughout her life that she seemingly set herself up for failure, as she gets into unhealthy, abusive relationships, and relies heavily on drugs, alcohol and a life of promiscuity. Jenny never followed through with her dreams or made responsible decisions. Her principles and standards changed as her surroundings did. She made many bad choices that led her down a life of destruction. The Social Cognitive process is demonstrated throughout the move as we watch her struggle in life. We will write a custom essay sample on Theory Based Character Description or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As Forrest becomes increasingly successful in most things he does. She admires him so much and deeply cares for him as a friend. They remain in contact in high school and periodically throughout life. She reaches out during some of her more desperate times or runs into him as fate would have it. Forrest asks Jenny to marry him, however, she replies, â€Å"You don’t want to marry me†. I speculate that she compares her life to his and therefore feels beneath him, and that he deserves better than herself. He replies that he may be stupid but he knows what love is and in fact does want to be with her. Later that night she slips into his room and they make love. Early in the morning however, she leaves without a word. It is possible that she felt like she made a mistake and did not want to drag him down with her. Her growth and development was demonstrated as her social learning skills were developed throughout life through observation. After her mother died, there was no one to protect her and her sisters from her drunk father that sexually molested them. She is then influenced by the anti-Vietnam war protestors she becomes involved with during her life as a hippie. The direct contact with several extreme activists and other negative groups lead her into a more negative slope. As she lives on, she continues to make terrible decisions. She becomes an increasingly immoral person, and is filled with extremely low self-esteem and deep depression. Jenny does not demonstrate self-efficacy. She slides down a slippery slope of denying her true pain and anguish. She runs away from her fears and feelings and goes out into the world of destruction to attempt to escape her past. She depends on the environment she is in to determine her future, goals, and values. As the movie flashes throughout several different scenarios, Jenny lives through, one-thing remains consistent, and she seeks the ability to forget the past. She does not want to deal with it therefore, she uses sex, drugs, extremist views and lifestyle with hopes it will distract her from the scary truth of her history. Finally, Jenny writes Forest to meet up so she can introduce him to his son. It is only then that she becomes concerned with herself, as well as her son’s well-being. For once, she actually wants to do better from them. She decided to marry Forrest and set her child up for a good example of a healthy family dynamic. It does not appear Jenny ever dealt with her past, her feelings, and the underlying issues that caused her grief. She did however, finally feel real love before she passed away. She understood what it felt like to be unconditionally cared for; something she never thought was possible. Trait Theory Jenny’s personality traits change throughout her life. She was not consistent from childhood to adulthood. As a child, she was kind, caring and generous. As she aged, she became increasingly nervous, scared and unsure of her surroundings. As she moves into late adolescence and early adulthood, she harbors the same fearful attitude and decides to run away, wander and travel with hopes a finding a new identity. Throughout life, she remains in love with Forest but does not love herself, therefore is unable to accept his love in return. Her personality traits come for a lack of understanding of why she experienced such painful things at such a young age. She never received love from her father, but was instead abused physically, emotionally and sexually. This trauma caused her inability to know love, receive love or understand that unconditional love truly exists. We know that her mother died when Jenny was just 5 years old. We do not, however, know why. This may also have influenced her growth and development. We do know that her father has some extreme mental health issues due to his abuse towards his daughters as well as the alcohol usage. As her environment changes throughout life, so does her personality traits. She continues to run from one situation to worse because she is not dealing with the true underlying issues. She ultimately runs to drugs in an extreme desperation to rid her memory of the pain of the past. The Big Five Trait Factor Scale appears as follows: Openness: Very High – Jenny is a creative, inquisitive, imaginative and unconventional. Conscientiousness: High – Before her life ended, after having a child, she finally learned to make the most responsible decision for herself and her child. Extraversion: High – Jenny had to always have someone in her company, whether it be Forrest or male company in the form of boyfriend, male clients or her hippie friends. She finds pleasure in being social. Agreeableness: Very High – Jenny is ultimately a kind hearted and helpful person with good intensions. Neuroticism: Very High – Jenny is highly insecure. This is the reason she bounces from one place to the next so often. This is why she completely submits to men and chooses those that treat her with the same disrespect her father one did. There is no formal model of change in Jenny’s life. Her traits simply change throughout the film as she pursues the task of running away to find herself and erase the past. She completes the cycle of the one sweet, kind and generous Jenny as a child, to a life of self-hatred and destruction, then back to seemingly healthy personality traits of a loving, caring person. After having a child, then learning that she is sick and dying, she finally faces reality and learns to love, accept and embrace love and peace.

Joyce - essays

Joyce - essays Ulysses gives a striking picture of a single days life microscopically revealed of two middle class Irish men: Stephen Dedalus and Leopold Bloom, both residents in Dublin. Technically the work is marked in part by eccentricities in form such as the economy of the punctuation, for instance, a frankness of language and a realism that spares the reader neither the sordid, nor the obscene. As an artist, Joyce shows skepticism towards any single sent of values, whether personal or public, individual or social, no single standard can be accepted because his artistic philosophy is translated into a technique which requires multiple identifications: Joyce tries to give a vision of the existence which constantly tends to be complete by whose definition will never be the result of a comparison with a et standard of completeness, because completeness has to be defined from within, In this endeavour, Joyce avoids ethical judgements and uses a dramatization of meanings that implies both aloofness and detachment. Skepticism is the dominating feeling but to consider Joyces entire work to be skeptical and morbid ant to consider it on the verge of the amoral would be a mistake. His work does have ethical implications, as artistic completeness has to be accomplished only through acceptance and rejection, and there are contradictory aspects in the Portrait, with present negative versions of values, for it is built on a generalized rejection of authority, and Ulysses which presents a positive standard of wholesomeness. The Portrait is a work perfectly integrated, dealing with the development of a young personality. It puts forth a whole series of feelings, going from rebellion to reflection and final aloofness. The promise of the novel is that individuality can only be reached though the rejection of ones background, the main theme is the relationship father-son, and around it there are several manifestations of a political, national...

How near are university researchers in resolving the cancer puzzle

How near are university researchers in resolving the cancer puzzle Hashtag: #DiaMundialcontraelCancer (World Day Against Cancer) Complete Cure for Cancer Multiple Diseases in One Along with 14 million cancer patients and in memory of 8.2 million people who died from the disease, humanity observed the 2015 #DiaMundialcontraelCancer or World Day Against Cancer asking the same unanswered question. Is there a complete cure for cancer? While the number of new cases according to WHO will rise to about 70% in the next few years, a complete cure for cancer remains an elusive dream. The reason is that cancer, unlike other diseases, is actually a large group of diseases that rapidly spread from the affected part to other organs of the human body. Knowledge about the causes and prevention of cancer is wide but still, after so many years of exhaustive study, researchers are still all at sea and cannot offer a complete cure for cancer. Early detection and treatment according to WHO increased the possibility of the cure, but with 8 million cancer-related deaths and estimated 70% rise in the number of new cancer cases over the next 2 years, these methods seems inadequate. The most probable reason is the fact that not all people, due to behavioral, economic, and other factors, is health conscious or be able to avail of cancer diagnostic services. Alternatively, cancer prevention or avoidance of physical (ultraviolet and ionizing radiation), chemical (asbestos, smoke from tobacco, etc), and biological (viruses, bacteria, etc.) carcinogens has more potential, but modification and avoidance of risk factors is another problem because it depends on age, individual lifestyle or status in life. A cure for cancer, therefore, is the most appropriate solution in reducing fatalities of this dreadful and life-damaging disease. Cancer Research Developments The institution of higher education such as universities and colleges around the world has cancer research facilities that consistently attempt to develop anti-cancer drugs. In particular, the University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center or UCCCC and University of Edinburgh UK Cancer Research Centre are very active in developing a treatment for cancer. UCCCC in 2014 finally tested OTS964, an anti-cancer drug developed in almost a decade, in rats. Anti-cancer drugs developed by UCCC before can only suppress the growth of cancer cells but OTS964 effectively killed or eradicated T-lymphokine-activated killer cell, cancer cells believed responsible for tumor growth. UCCC is now preparing for phase 1 clinical trial for OTS964 and working to crack the code behind abnormal DNA sequence responsible for the reproduction of cancer cells and develop a drug for altered DNA. Researchers in University of Edinburgh UK Cancer Research Center are now ready to begin clinical trials of panRAF inhibitors, a new class of drugs targeting Src family kinases in melanoma ( the deadliest form of skin cancer) patients with BRAF inhibitors-resistant tumors. The drug is capable of halting the growth of faulty protein responsible for boosting the growth of melanomas. By targeting multiple signaling biological pathways simultaneously, panRAF inhibitors can eliminate drug-resistant cancer cells and restore the effectiveness of other cancer treatments. The development of these promising anti-cancer drugs and implementation of pioneering techniques in cancer treatment research suggest that academic researchers are years away from discovering the ultimate cure for cancer. However, since researchers already discovered the weak points of killer cancer cells and technology is rapidly advancing, it will be sooner than expected.

HR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

HR - Essay Example This is because according to Westphal and Fredickson (2001), management is a complex phenomenon that entails both an art and a science, revolving round the utilization of human resource and human capital to achieving organizational goals. As an art, management can be said to be the practice of making people more effective than they would naturally be in the absence of any management in place (Tushman and Nadler, 2009). Meanwhile, the twenty-first century has become a very challenging and competitive century for all organizations, businesses and companies to be more effective (Armstrong and Overton, 2007). The need for competitiveness is because the world is now a global village and so any company operating in any part of the world finds itself competing with all other companies in the same industry (Argyris and Schon DA. 1996). With such kind of competition, the best way to ensure survival is through the maximization of human resource, which the definition makes clear, can only be ac hieved through management. What is more, the science in management has been said to manifest in the various ways in which management is performed. In this regard also, it would be said that the twenty-first century comes with so much opportunities for leaders to be highly dynamic in the science of management, consolidating the continual growth of management. Why management will not die anytime soon Generally, management will not die anytime soon in the twenty-first century as Koch & Godden (1996) claim because the principles and pillars on which management strives continue to be important and even more important in the twenty-first century than they were before. These four pillars have been identified by Tushman and Nadler (2009) as being planning, organizations, directing and monitoring. Van (2006) notes that planning is the process of identifying what an organization would need in the short to long term basis and putting in place structures to ensure that those needs are met, whil es identifying the cost and benefits that will come with achieving those goals. Generally, proper planning has been said to prevent poor performance. The debate that management will die soon in the

Eliminating Human Resource Problems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Eliminating Human Resource Problems - Essay Example Altogether, these led to lower level of production and product quality. The problems stated above indicates greater core concerns which should be looked into. These are not the real problems but merely symptoms of the company's failure to establish an organizational structure suited to its human resource. These problems can be attributed to the grievance and dissatisfaction of the workforce as their needs remained unmet. I have come up with four recommendations which you can do in order to enhance employee morale and product quality in your department: employee empowerment, more open communications, motivational tools, and employee evaluation. 1. Employee Empowerment. The traditional approach of leaving decisions to the managers is now considered obsolete. I strongly believe that this is not working in your department. I believe that employees should be given the chance the chance to participate. It has been demonstrated that giving employees the chance to participate in the decision making of business organisations directly and significantly contributes to their job satisfaction. As human beings, employees have this innate desire to enhance their self worth. Without their participation and involvement, employees are left with the feeling that they are no more than the equipment that the company uses.

Cash Cropping in Nepal Essay Example for Free

Cash Cropping in Nepal Essay On an individual crop basis, tomatoes and potatoes were the most increasing, sensitivity analysis and scenarios suggest high variability and limited short-term impact on poverty alleviation. Profitable. On a per farm basis, 50% of the households with positive farm gross margins grew at least one vegetable crop, while only 25% of households with negative farm gross margins included vegetable crops in their rotation. Farmers have been hesitant to produce primarily for the market given the rudimentary infrastructure and high variability in prices. Farmers reported selling more crops, but when corrected for inflation, gross revenues declined over time. The costs and benefits of developing markets have been unevenly distributed with small holders unable to capitalize on market opportunities and wealthier farmers engaging in input intensive cash cropping. Farms growing vegetables had an average gross margin of US$137 per year compared to US$12 per year for farms growing only staple crops. However, the area under production is small and, while vegetable production is likely to continue Key words: Agriculture, Cash crops, Gross margin, Household economics, Market inequity, Poverty Introduction Cash cropping has been promoted by development specialists as a mechanism to alleviate rural poverty in countries such as Nepal. Programs have capitalized on existing transportation networks, the proximity to urban centers or niche markets (Panday, 1992). But there are concerns that agricultural commercialization by-passes the poor. The cash and land quality requirements of capital intensive farming may limit the capacity of poorer farmers to invest, while the risks associated with yield and price variability may limit their willingness to participate in commercial production Both the Agricultural Perspective Plan (APROSC, 1995) and the ninth National Plan (GON, 1998) of Nepal promote the intensification of agriculture and increased cash crop production. In the Mid-hills of Nepal near Kathmandu, potato and tomato production have increased dramatically in the last 10 years (Brown and Shrestha, 2000). But, vegetable production is demanding of soil, water, and human resources. A systematic assessment of cash cropping is required to determine the impact on household well-being. The aims of this paper are five-fold: 1) to determine the relative profitability of vegetable production in the Mid- hills of Nepal; 2) to assess the economic impact of incorporating vegetables into the dominant cropping patterns; 3) to analyze the variability between households; 4) to assess the impact of fluctuations in price; and 5) to evaluate temporal changes in household well-being with the incorporation of vegetable production. Methods The relative profitability of agricultural production between farms provides a mechanism to compare the economic status of farming households with diversified cropping systems. An indication of the profitability of each farm can be obtained by computing gross margins, defined as total returns less total variable costs. Total returns are equal to the value of all crops produced (including crop residues), irrespective of whether the crop is sold. Total variable costs include: the purchase of seed, fertilizer, and pesticides; hiring oxen; and all labor involved in cultivation activities. Labor includes the time spent in planting, irrigation, fertilizing, spraying, weeding, harvesting and transportation and selling and includes the opportunity cost of family labor. The gross margin can thus be viewed as the return to fixed costs (land and livestock) and management. Gross margin analysis, in this context, focuses on production or income with respect to agriculture. As it does not take into account the time value of money, gross margins are not sensitive to interest rates, and are a good first approximation of financial feasibility.

Software Piracy in India and the Developed World :: Software Computers Technology Essays

Software Piracy in India and the Developed World Introduction: Software Piracy in India Software is one of the easiest and a very lucrative medium to steal. The copies made are as good as the original software and can be made quickly in large quantities. This makes it very difficult to effectively enforce anti-piracy laws, as the officials cannot raid each and every home in search of illegal copies of copyrighted software. In India, with a population of over 1 billion, effective enforcement of anti-piracy laws is a ponderous task. The government of India possesses neither the will nor the finances to dedicate a chunk of its budget to enforcing copyright infringement laws. Another problem is that to control expenditure of monitoring and convicting such a huge number of offenders is a complicated and time consuming process. Latest figures show that the Personal Computer market in India is rocketing skywards. In the quarter ending December 31st, 2003, 800,000 units were sold. Out of these 55 percent of the computer sales were of regional brands and unbranded systems. It should be noted that not all of these brands conform to software copyright laws as in the United States and Europe, or even in India. By the end of March 2004, an estimated 3 million personal computers are expected to sell. 2 The regional brands are the most responsible for propagating software piracy. In order to sell the computers cheap, pirated versions of software are installed on all machines sold. It can easily be deduced how much loss software piracy will cause the industry in the recent future. The use of illegal or copied versions of software costs the worldwide software industry more than 13 Billion Dollars a year in revenues, out of which 1.96 billion dollars are lost in the US alone, which has a software piracy rate of 23 percent. In some East-Asian, Latin American and European countries, 95 percent of the software used is pirated. So, India is better off but still has a long way to go in the fight against software piracy. India is unarguably one of the software hubs of the world, yet software piracy is rampant in this country. The software piracy rate in India is nearly 65 percent. No illegal activity of this scale can survive unless and until it has the support or involvement of a large number of users. The more concrete manner in which software piracy can be precluded is to pro-actively involve the public in the anti-piracy initiative.

Mm578 Consumer Behavior Course Project Explanation Essay

To help you create a graduate-level submission, the following additional insights are provided to help you learn and to facilitate a high quality written submission. You are asked to choose a consumer product or service about which you either know something or on which you can find good research. You may use either a product/service with which you are actively involved in your business or one from another business. This project supports all of the Terminal Course Objectives in the course. This assignment is due on Sunday of Week SEVEN via the Dropbox. No late papers will be accepted. You are to create a thorough, tightly focused Marketing Strategy that focuses on consumer behavior for either a product or a service. To help you in the process, Appendix B is available on page 738 of our course text. The sections below that are highlighted in BLUE text are found in Appendix B. The insights provided in Appendix B should be very helpful as you assess your paper’s intended content. Those sections not highlighted receive this instructor’s additional perspectives in the â€Å"Additional Instructions† area. Develop a tightly focused, strategically-oriented paper. I will be seeking your depth and breadth of your findings and arguments that communicate via your logical, business-oriented writing that you are a thinking, educated, marketer. As you create your paper, please NUMBER each section so that I can easily determine on which one of the seven (7) sections you are writing. You want to demonstrate in-depth critical thinking, provide examples, and support your assertions with legitimate scholarly resources. Use APA citations each and any time that you have referenced scholarly content. NOTE:Wikipedia. com or Answers. com or other similar â€Å"general go-to-us-for-a-fast-answer† websites are not considered scholarly resources. Please do not use these. Demonstrate scholarly research that utilizes respected resources that identify the subject-matter-expert by name. NOTE:No more than 25-30% of your Course Project should come from external sources. Although this is a research paper, I am more interested in learning YOUR perspectives, based on your analysis. After all, this is a paper that YOU are writing. All assignments are submitted to Turnitin. comâ„ ¢ to ensure originality of work. Thus at least 70%+ of your paper’s content comes from your fingertips and demonstrates your synthesis of content reviewed, your critical analysis, critical thinking, and application of key concepts that you have learned from our MM578 textbook. Papers that are a collection of cobbled-together snippets from other websites will not earn a passing grade and when minimal adult learner synthesis and minimal original content is apparent. Your Course Project asks you to utilize the following seven topics as headings for clarity, as well as subtopics as subheadings. Please clearly label each Heading and Subheading in your paper. Headings and SubheadingsAdditional Instructions 1: Market Analysis †¢Company †¢Customers †¢Competitors †¢Conditions Market Analysis (continued)Utilize concepts from your MM522 Marketing Management course and Chapter ONE of our MM578 Consumer Behavior etext book to complete this section. Describe your Company and your Customers.

Racism In A Raisin In The Sun Essay

Pride in â€Å"A raisin in the sun† Lorraine Hansberrys’ A raisin in the sun concerns a colored family having to live with different forms of racism throughout their everyday lives. Throughout the story, Hansberry focuses on the theme of pride throughout many characters. Walter, Mama, and Beneatha all show a sense of pride throughout the way that they live. Walter has a high sense of pride throughout the play A raisin in the sun. Walter was originally going to sell his house when he invited over Mr. Linder, a salesman in the white neighborhood. Since his son was next to him he had enough pride for that family that he didn’t sell the house. He even told the salesman â€Å"We come from people who had a lot of pride, I mean that we are very proud people†. (148) That is how Walter shows he is a very proud man. Another example of pride in Lorraine Hansberrys’ A raisin in the sun is shown throughout the character of Mama. Mama was having a conversation with Walter about how money shouldn’t be your life. Then she makes a statement proving she is a person with a high sense of pride when she says â€Å"you aren’t satisfied or proud of anything we’ve done†. This proves she is a person who has pride for her family and what she had done in life, when she made this statement to Walter. That is how Mama has a high sense of pride for her life and her accomplishments. Finally, Beneatha also shows a high sense of pride throughout her character. She makes a few comments proving she is a person with a high sense of pride. Asagai also is quoted for saying â€Å"she prides herself on being independent†. This proves that she has a high sense of pride since she is a very independent person. She is soo independent that she plans to go to Africa with Asagai. This proves that Beneatha is a person that has a high sense of pride. In conclusion, Hansberrys’ A raisin in the sun concerning a colored family having to live with many different forms of racism, shows how the Walter, Mama, and Beneatha all have a high sense of pride for their families and their goals that they have accomplished.

Implications of Watching Foreign Movies Essay Essays

Implications of Watching Foreign Movies Essay Essays Implications of Watching Foreign Movies Essay Essay Implications of Watching Foreign Movies Essay Essay Abstraction This survey looked at the relationship between watching foreign movie. play. or assortment show wonts and the students’ academic public presentations. To find whether its exposure benefitted the pupils or non. a dependable research has to be conducted. Sing student’s differences factors and schemes while analyzing. the consequences might be differ from many facets. The single accomplishments include how frequent they watch the film. how long they spent their clip and what types of amusement that they favored the most. An statement about the utilizations of ocular AIDSs such film shows and others can heighten the academic public presentations will be settled on after the consequences of this survey had been processed. A pilot survey was conducted foremost to look into whether there was any job sing this issue. About 3 to 5 pupils were tested. Finally a study was conducted at the boys’ and girls’ inns in Kolej Profesional MARA Indera Mahkota where 40 pupils consist of 15 male pupils and 25 female pupils. This study was conducted by administering a set of questionnaires to all the respondents. In general. this survey was a large success where bulk of the pupils agreed that this method of larning can heighten their academic public presentations. Weaving up. several suggestion. sentiment and recommendations were recorded in the finishing portion of the study. Recognitions I would wish to show my particular thanks to my adviser. Madam Jamilah Binti Abdul Manan. who provided me with elaborate and insightful feedback for every bill of exchange. who spent an tremendous sum of clip reading and redacting my probe. and more significantly. who set an illustration for me to be a prudent presenter. I besides want to thank her for her encouragement and aid throughout the full alumnus plan. I would besides wish to thank my household particularly my aunty. Nooraini Binti Abdul Wahab for her aid and suggestions in assisting me to better understand the construct of ocular survey and etc. Besides. I want to thank my parents for their great encouragement throughout the authorship of this research. I want to offer a enormous thank you to all my friends and anyone who has lending themselves in this survey. I will retrieve your forbearance and aid in assisting me finish this plan. I treasure your friendly relationship and support. 1. 0. Introduction 2. 1. Background of the Study Watching films and play has been a tendency today in students’ life particularly in KPMIM. This wont does act upon the student’s consequence in academic surveies. By practising this avocation. pupils manage to make full their free clip. But the inquiry is what the deductions of this attitude are. Is it positive or negative impact towards the pupils themselves? A research has been done by Christine Canning Wilson from the Centre of Excellence for Research and Training. Higher Colleges of Technology. Abu Dhabi. In her research. it has been stated that audio-visual AIDSs can heighten the linguistic communication larning procedure. It said that note-taking surveies are less successful today. Alternatively of that. advanced ocular organisers such as educational pictures or any other related affairs helped the scholars improve comprehension and assistance in the keeping of information. Students besides like larning linguistic communication through the usage of picture. One of the consequence is scholars prefer action/entertainment movies in the schoolroom. In add-on. this shows that visuals can be used to assist heighten the significance of the message to be conveyed by the talkers. By supplying this sort of larning method. scholars may be benefitted by seeing immediate significance in footings of vocabulary acknowledgment in the first linguistic communication. Besides that. it is easier for them to clear up the message and clear up the effect of the narratives. However. persons process information in different ways. The schemes used by one scholar are likely to differ from another. Therefore. farther probe demands to be done in order to place the existent impact of watching movies/dramas and the relationship between these wonts towards the students’ academic public presentations will be resolved after the research has been carried out. 2. 2. Statement Of The Problem The debatable issue of this survey is to place the deductions of watching foreign films or movies towards pupils. Besides that. the addition or any lessening in academic public presentation will be observed and to be concluded after this survey has been completed. There is besides an statement that oppugning about either it is a sort of uneconomical activity for KPMIM pupils. So a dependable research needs to be carried out sing this issue. 2. 3. Purpose Of The Study Since watching films. play and assortment shows have been a tendency today in students’ life particularly in KPMIM ; there may be some effects for them peculiarly in academic public presentation. Apart from stacking up their free clip. a research needs to be done to look into whether it is a good or a uneconomical activity for them. The intent of the survey portrayed in this research study was to measure the either lectors and the pupils in instruction and larning procedure despite doing them easier to understand and memorise all the input during linguistic communication categories. Besides that. to do learning procedure more synergistic and gratifying so that the pupils would believe that instruction is non something that is excessively heavy and deadening. 2. 4. Objective Of The Study The aims of this survey are: 1. to happen out whether it is good activity during student’s leisure clip or non 2. to look into what is the relationship between this activity and students’ academic public presentation 3. to calculate out what types of movies/dramas that have been the students’ favorites 4. To do suggestion that it could be one of the effectual medium of acquisition or instruction. 2. 5. Research Question The questionnaires will be given to some random pupils at Kolej Profesional MARA. 40 respondents will reply this questionnaire based on the research undertaking. 15 of them were males and another 25 were the female pupils. The inquiry will be focus on what are the impacts of the wont. * Is watching movies/ play a good or waste type of avocation to pupils? * Does watching/movies truly assist the pupils in their academic surveies? * What is the favourite categories/type of movies/dramas that most of the pupils like? * Should it be implemented as a medium for learning and larning in instruction establishments? 2. 6. Significance Of The Study This determination will assist the lectors and pupils to be cognizant of acquisition and learning procedure can be easy done in a simple and effectual manner by utilizing ocular AIDSs. Furthermore. pupils will be managed to make full their agenda with some good activities alternatively of making nil. Apart from heightening the students’ involvement and enthusiasm in larning. pupils should be able to better their vocabulary and other accomplishments that are required in linguistic communication surveies such hearing accomplishment and speech production accomplishment. Authoritatively. this will assist the college to present the construct of entertaining while analyzing so that pupils can hold an gratifying environment while in the category possibly. Last but non least. to increase the academic public presentation in college by accommodating a new manner of survey for the pupils. 2. 7. Scope Of The Study The range of this research is that the respondents are 40 people of KPMIM pupils. 15 people of male pupils and another 25 are the female pupils. The solution or any recommendations about this subject will be decided after the information has been collected. 2. 0. Literature Reappraisal About few centuries ago linguistic communication is difficult to larn by mass of people. But a poet named Simonides has come out wit a great rule of larning which was ‘Words are the images of things’ . His statement was about likewise accurate as the celebrated great Aristotle perceptual experience. â€Å"Without image. thought is impossible† . From here. we can clearly seen that both statement support the rule of ocular AIDSs towards one’s ascertain and enlightening accomplishments. Ocular AIDS does heighten the linguistic communication larning procedure. Video is one of the ocular AIDSs that normally used by a instructor. lector or a presenter to educate and instrcut students. Videos at best defined as the choice and sequence of messages in an audio-visual context. Research by Herron. Hanley and Cole ( 1995 ) indicates that the ocular support in the signifier of descriptive images significantly improved comprehension tonss with linguistic communication pi ctures for English speech production pupils. The consequences of the survey indicate that extended hearing is facilitated by the profusion of the context that ocular organisers. such as educational picture. supply. Heron ( 1994 ) finds that advanced organisers based on pictures helped scholars better comprehension and assistance in the keeping of information. A recent large-scale study by Canning-Wilson ( 2000 ) suggests that the pupils like larning linguistic communication through the usage of picture. One of the consequences of her study shows that scholars prefer action/entertainment movies to linguistic communication movies or docudramas in the schoolroom. She states although these movies may look to keep student involvement. she believes that it could be inferred that pupil comprehension of the picture may be due to the ocular hints alternatively of the audile constituents. Heron. Hanley and Cole besides hypothesize that the more meaningful an advanced organiser is the more impact it can hold on comprehension and keeping. Their consequences of utilizing 12 different pictures with foreign linguistic communication scholars indicates that tonss improved when advanced organisers. such as a images and/or ocular stimulation. are used with the picture. Possibly the findings from these surveies can be attributed to the fact that picture offers contextual support and/or helps scholars to visualise words every bit good as significances. Persons process information in different ways. The schemes used by one scholar are likely to differ from those used by a different scholar. It has been proven that what benefits one group of scholars may really impede the public presentation of a different group of scholars ( Bovy. 1981 ) . Issues of the value of picture as a instruction tool are frequently questioned. Omaggio ( 1979 ) suggests that â€Å"the profession has virtually no empirical footing for advancing the usage of visuals as AIDSs to comprehension in the 2nd linguistic communication ; we know practically nil about how pupils benefit from visuals† ( 1979. p. 107 ) . Recently. in a talk on the usage of visuals in research. Canning-Wilson ( 2000 ) claims that the usage of illustrations. visuals. images. perceptual experiences. mental images. figures. feelings. similitudes. sketchs. charts. graphs. colourss. reproduction. reproductions. or anything else used to assist one see an immediate significance in the linguistic communication may profit the scholar by assisting to clear up the message. provided the ocular plants in a positive manner to heighten or supplement the linguistic communication point. She reports that images contextualized in picture or on its ain can assist to reenforce the linguistic communication. provided the scholar can see immediate significance in footings of vocabulary acknowledgment in the first linguistic communication. Furthermore. her research suggests that visuals can be used to assist heighten the significance of the message seeking to be conveyed by the talkers through the usage of paralinguistic cues. Last but non least. extra factors must be considered when looking at picture as an instructional medium to learn a foreign or 2nd linguistic communication. Balatova’s surveies indicated that ocular cues found in pictures were enlightening and enhanced comprehension in general. but did non needfully excite the apprehension of a text. It was besides found that learning with picture had some affectional advantages. If the consequences of their findings are true and the same consequences can be replicated. possibly practicians will no longer hold to trust entirely on anecdotal grounds. . 3. 0. Research Methodology 4. 8. Introduction This subdivision discusses the methodological analysis of the research. The chief intent of the research is to look into the relationship between watching films. play or assortment shows and the academic public presentation among KPMIM pupils. Does it truly impact the educational result or non? Besides that. to measure the pupils and lectors in learning or larning process apart from doing them easier to absorb. distinguish and memorise the full thing that they should. The information for the research were collected through questionnaires distribution. 4. 9. Research Instruments This research utilized both the quantitative and qualitative research methodological analysis. The instrument used to roll up informations was questionnaires. A set of questionnaires incorporating 13 inquiries divided into 2 parts. Different types of inquiries such as ranking. yes – no inquiries. listing and were used in the questionnaires. The questionnaires were piloted to five pupils to measure its cogency before it was distributed. The qualitative information for the research come at open-ended inquiries. 4. 10. Respondents of the Study The respondents of the survey were several pupils at Kolej Profesional Mara Indera Mahkota. KPMIM. In March 2012. a sum of 40 questionnaires were distributed to pupils indiscriminately. 4. 11. Research Procedure Before the existent informations aggregation stage. a pilot survey was conducted to measure the cogency of the research instruments. A sum of five pupils were involved in the pilot survey chosen at indiscriminately at Kolej professional Mara Indera Mahkota. During the existent survey. the questionnaires were distributed at assorted locations on campus such as library. cafe . categories and residence halls. 4. 12. Datas Analysis To analyse the information. a several variables were taken into consideration viz. the continuance. effectivity. frequency of the pupils watching their favorite film. play or assortment shows. and from which states. besides that. major immpacts of this survey were besides been questioned. For illustrations. does it better student’s vocab and lexis in Hagiographas. develop originative thought. concluding accomplishment and crtical reappraisal and assist pupils to concentrate in category. The informations were saved into the computing machine utilizing Microsoft Excel package. Consequences were presented through frequence counts and other descriptive statistics. The informations were transcribed consequently. 4. 0. Findingss and Discussion This subdivision will discourse the consequences of the research that had been done to find whether it is an effectual manner as a method of acquisition and instruction towards KPMIM pupils. These findings received responses from 40 pupils which were 25 females and 15 males. FIGURE ANumber of Respondent ( Students ) Figure A shows the proportion of male and female pupils who were involved in this research. 15 of them were males and another 25 of them were the females. The amount of them were 40 and the per centum that has been calculated as shown in the figure above. FIGURE BPercentage of pupils who watch movies/ dramas/ assortment shows during free clip. Figure B shows how many of pupils watch their favorite shows during their leisure clip. Majority of them watch films and etc. during free clip. 100 per centum of male pupils did watch the films while 92 per centum of the female pupils who did the same thing. Merely few of the female pupils did non watch the films. play or assortment shows. Possibly because of unnecessarily fortunes. Figure C Types of amusement that largely watched by the pupils The figure above shows the type of amusements that largely watched by KPMIM pupils. To sum up. bulk of the respondents preffered assortment shows as their most favorite types of amusement. It is because it has been a phenomenon today. Not merely in KPMIM but all over Malaysia educational institutes. Possibly because the show is truly amusing and do them laugh every clip they watch it. However. it educates while entertaining. That is the most of import. Otherwise. the information for other type of amusements that prefferably watch by the pupils are shown in the figure above. Movies at the 2nd rank followed by life series as the 3rd and play was the least. Figure DForeign Entertainments that most Influential Based on the figure above. the well-influenced foreign amusement among male pupils in KPMIM is the Bollywood followed by English. Korean and Nipponese as the least. The ground why they chose Bollywood as their favoured foreign amusement. it is because the attention-getting wordss from pleasant vocals and it teaches a batch of moral and values. For the female respondents. bulk of them pick English as their favorite amusement followed by Korean. Bollywood and Nipponese. FIGURE EFrequencies of Sudents watch their Favored Shows As shown in the figure above. the female pupils frequently watch their favorite shows for merely 3 times a hebdomad whereas the male pupils watch their preffered amusements 7 times a hebdomad which is mundane. FIGURE FTime spending for each Sessionss From the figure above. it is shown that bulk of the male pupils spend their clip about 4 to 5 hours for each session. For the female pupils. they merely spent approximately 3 to 4 hours for their leisure film times. This shows the females were good in pull offing their times compared tom the males. Notwithstanding. every bit long as the shows that they watched conveying some benefits to them. it is alright. FIGURE GHelp them in bettering the Vocabs and Lexis in Wrtings Greater portion of the respondents agree with the hypothesis. ‘by watching films. play or assortment shows. they can better their vocabularies and lexis in their writings’ . When they watched foreign shows or films. they learned by reading the captions and happen the significance of words that they do non understand. By making that. although it looks like a slow manner of bettering their vocabs. it truly helps them in their scrutiny. Particularly in composing and talking accomplishments. FIGURE HDevelop Creative thought. Reasoning accomplishments and Critical Review For this subdivision. 98 per centum of the respondents agreed with the hypothesis by rehearsing this habbit. they can develop their originative thought. concluding accomplishments and critical reappraisal. Merely 2 per centum of them did non hold with the statement. The figure indicates that. bulk of them could develop some of the utile accomplishments particularly in linguistic communication categories. This means that watching films. play and assortment shows is non uneconomical activity during leisure clip. FIGURE IAssists to Focus and Improve Academic Performance Based on the figure above. 88 per centum of the pupils do hold with the hypothesis of by using this type of disposition. they tend to concentrate during categories. Merely minority of them. 15 per centum did non hold. Besides that. for certain. it will besides helping their academic public presentation. From this state of affairs. we can reason that this sort of pattern lead to success for the pupils whom put run through it. Open ended inquiry: â€Å"Visual Aids ( Movies/dramas/etc. ) should be one of the effectual mediums of acquisition or instruction because it brings a ton of advantages instead than disfavors† . Give your opinion/ remarks sing this issue. Please province the grounds why did you back up or oppose this statement. Based on all the anwers. most of them are all the positive remarks. This shown that. Ocular Aids such Movies. play. and etc. are truly should be implemented as one of the effectual mediums of acquisition and instruction in any KPMIM since it bequeath tonss of benefit instead than disfavours. 5. 0. Decision This research investigated the relationship between the methods of utilizing ocular AIDSs as larning procedure and the academic public presentation towards KPMIM pupils. Primary informations were collected by randomly with administering a set of questionnaires to 40 pupils. As has been mentioned earlier in the debut. the intent of this survey was to look into the effectivity of utilizing ocular AIDSs in instruction and acquisition towards the academic public presentation of pupils The undermentioned conlusions can be drawn based on the findings of the survey: 1. This survey shows that watching movies/ dramas/ assortment shows. pupils managed to execute good in their academic public presentation. 2. By practising this wont. students can better their vocabularies and lexis in Hagiographas alternatively of developing their originative thought. critical reappraisals and concluding accomplishments. 3. Last of all. this method of acquisition and instruction is ought to be implemented in ev ery educational establishments. The consequences of this survey indicate that learning and larning by utilizing ocular AIDSs as a method compulsarily implemented in KPMIM particularly in English topic. This is because after a thorough survey has been investigated. it conveying a a batch more benefits instead than hurt to pupils or even lectors. However. this findings are merely true for KPMIM pupils. The same survey demands to be done with pupils from other educational institutes to see if there are any similarities with the impact of watching foreign films. play and assortment shows habit towards the academic public presentations. 6. 0RECOMMENDATIONS6. 1Recommendations based on Findingss Based on the findings and decisions of the survey. here are several recommendations to be considered: 1. Ocular Aids such ( Movie Reviews / Documentaries /etc. ) should be one of the effectual mediums of acquisition because it brings a ton of advantages instead than disfavours. 2. Educators are besides counseled to utilize this method of learning as it makes enlightening treat more simpler. ice chest. synergistic and valuable. 6. 2Recommendations for Future Research Since this survey merely focussed on KPMIM pupils. it is extremely recommended that farther reseach be carried out for other pupils from another colleges or universities to research whether there might some differences in the survey or similarities in the findings. Besides that. the execution of this method of acquisition and instruction could be the worldwide most effectual manner in learning English because it is indispensable for all walks of life. Last. M. O. E or any other parties could leave some disbursals and supply new hi-tech installations to all instruction establishment. Bibliography * Richard Cameron A ; Dolati Roman. ( 2010 ) . Harnessing the Use of Visual Learning Aids in the English Language Classroom. Retrieved December 15th. 2010 from the Arab World English Journal. * Koren. S. ( 1996 ) . Vocabulary direction through hypertext: Are at that place advantages over conventional methods of learning? . TESL-EJ. 4 ( 1 ) . 1- 14. * Mayer. R. A ; Simes. V. ( 1994 ) . For whom is a image worth a 1000 words? Extensions of a dual–coding theory of multimedia acquisition. Journal of Educational Technology. 86. 389-401. * The Internet TESL Journal. Vol. VI. No. 11. November 2000 hypertext transfer protocol: //iteslj. org/

Essay Assignment

Essay Assignment Essay Assignment Essay Assignment: A Plan of Actions Essay assignment is not difficult at all, if you have a definite plan of actions, of course. You see all the essays are similar to each other as they have their own definite structure; if you follow this very structure you will never be in trouble with your essay assignment writing. Essay Assignment Writing Steps Thus, this is essay structure and a brief plan of what you have to do if you want to succeed in your essay assignment writing: Choose a topic for your essay assignment writing; at this point, it is recommended to choose a topic, which it will be rather interesting for you to deal with, or otherwise, it will not be simple and interesting for you to be engaged into the process of your essay assignment completing. Try to find as much literature devoted to the topic of your essay assignment, as it is possible in order you could present full information related to the topic of your essay assignment. After you have researched the topic of your essay assignment, think which findings you have made and try to stay concentrated on them during the process of your essay assignments writing: Remember that your essay assignment should consist of the following parts: an introduction where you present the topic and the aim of your essay assignment along side with the thesis that is considered to be the main point of your essay assignment; the body where you have either to prove or disapprove the thesis you have presented in the introductory part; the conclusion, where you have to restate your thesis one more time and to prove its relevance with the help of the findings you have made in the body. After your essay assignment is ready, we recommend you to proofread it and edit it in order to make it free from grammar mistakes, which greatly influence your grade for the whole essay assignment writing. If you have an opportunity to give your essay assignment to be proofread by the professionals, who work for the assignment writing services, do it, as this very proofreading really guarantees that you are going to get the highest grade for your essay assignment writing. Essay Assignment: Concluding Note This is an approximate plan of your actions you have to make in order to succeed in essay assignment writing, if you are going to need some additional consultation you can always appeal to our custom writing service and to receive all the answers you are in need of within the measures of our assignment writing help. Read also: Essay Term Paper on Doing Business in China Creation Paper Cause Effect Papers Analysis Case Studies Term Paper Editing

Cost Life Cycle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cost Life Cycle - Essay Example There are techniques for estimating the cost of choosing the "wrong" project alternative. Deterministic techniques, such as sensitivity analysis or breakeven analysis, are easily done without the need for additional resources or information. They produce a single-point estimate of how uncertain input data affect the analysis outcome. Probabilistic techniques, on the other hand, quantify risk exposure by deriving probabilities of achieving different values of economic worth from probability distributions for input values that are uncertain. However, they have greater informational and technical requirements than deterministic techniques. Whether one or the other technique is chosen depends on factors such as the size of the project, its importance, and the resources available. Since sensitivity analysis and break-even analysis are two approaches that are simple to perform, they should be part of every LCCA. To identify critical parameters, arrive at estimates of upper and lower bounds, or answer "what if" questions, simply change the value of each input up or down, holding all others constant, and recalculate the economic measure to be tested. Decision-makers sometimes want to know the maximum cost of an input that will allow the project to still break even, or conversely, what minimum benefit a project can produce and still cover the cost of the investment. To perform a break-even analysis, benefits and costs are set equal, all variables are specified, and the break-even variable is solved algebraically. Design optimization on cost basis is also carried out under LCCA to hit upon the model, which would lead to higher performance at lower costs and competitiveness in a systematic and efficient manner. Safety, reliability and cost efficiency can be achieved through design optimization in the pre-launch phase itself. References 1. www.nianet.org/salectureseries/pdfs/Unal_041106.pdf 2.